Chromosome on Sunday - chromosome 12 | miggawki
Chromosome 12 has approx. 132 million container store houston base pairs, which is hidden about 1400 genes. About 500 regions container store houston of the chromosome associated with human diseases, and as usual a few examples can be found in Wikipedia. On the basis of comparisons between the genomes of different animals can be determined, as was made. This reconstruction allowed to establish container store houston that sometime in our lineage greater part of chromosome 12 was one chromosome with a piece of chromosome 22, while the rest formed in one piece with the remaining portion of chromosome 22 translocation Mutual, through which our chromosomes began to look like now, occurred after the separation of the lineage of our lineage prosimians. Later on chromosome 12 no longer subject to major changes, though and chimpanzees, gorillas can be observed and in independent inversions fragments.
On chromosome 12 is a lot of interesting genes. You can find coding container store houston for phenylalanine hydroxylase gene PAH whose mutations cause phenylketonuria. Due to the lack of activity of the protein accumulates in the body, the amino acid phenylalanine, which may lead to mental retardation. Other symptoms are light skin, bright eyes and a mousy odor. The treatment involves the use of a diet low in phenylalanine methyl container store houston ester (aspartame without which is decomposed m. Al. To the amino acid). On the occasion of the macaque genome sequencing was discovered that one of the mutation that causes phenylketonuria in humans, container store houston rhesus monkeys is the "wild type", not causing disease, container store houston but as yet not known what causes this difference.
In the region of chromosome 12, which communicates container store houston with hereditary with agoraphobia, panic, can be found the gene encoding the ion channel protein which ASIC1a container store houston (acid-sensing ion channel protein). This type of ion channels are involved in neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Recently, the journal Biological Psychiatry reported that due to manipulations at the gene managed to create a mouse that is not afraid of anything. Some fears are innate, but you can also learn to fear, linking some signals with something unpleasant and frightening. Previous work of the same group showed container store houston that, in the case of acquired fear ASIC1a excess protein causes aggravation of symptoms of anxiety and that its removal container store houston causes the symptoms disappear. This time, the researchers showed that the gene deletion or inhibition of the protein encoded by it causes the mice disappear as innate fears, container store houston including the fear of a predator odor, and open space. Normal mice when put them near the container containing chemicals container store houston smelling like a fox, die of fear or bypass the dangerous container from afar. Mice with the deleted ASIC1a have become so bold that even crawled to the predator-scented container.
Besides, on chromosome 12 is hiding ALDH2 - a variant of a gene encoding mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, the one through which Europeans container store houston overcome Asians drinking alcohol. Many Asians produced by this gene is usually inactive protein, so drinking alcohol makes them immediately unpleasant reactions (asian flush). Probably just because container store houston alcoholism is less common among them than among Europeans.
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> On the basis of comparisons between the genomes of different animals can> determine how established. This reconstruction allowed container store houston to establish that> sometime container store houston in our lineage greater part of chromosome 12 accounted for> one chromosome with a piece of chromosome 22, while the rest of the> form one piece with the remaining portion of chromosome 22 ....
And ... well, really on what genomics tells us about evolution? Do genomics confirms STE? And never in my life :) For the uninitiated: genomics deals with the comparison of the structure and function of genes, analysis of the relationship container store houston between taxa and tracking mechanisms of its evolution. Comparative genomics allows you to determine the genetic homology (paralogous and orthologous). Genomics is a service STE should look for links between genes, to reconstruct evolutionary events and so on.
Science has already met the genomes of dozens of species of bacteria. Organization of bacterial genomes and genes contained in them has proved to be extremely diverse. The researchers felt surprise :) Also; found that the learning function is unknown more than half of that found in bacteria of potential gene (ORF)! The fact that mid applies even supposedly well-learned E. coli.
What show the observed data of prokaryotes? Well, that genes in eukaryotes are organized hierarchically in a family and superfamily of genes. Drawn from this far-reaching and unauthorized conclusion that this hierarchy is caused by numerous duplications and subsequent divergence of gene and exon shuffling. Of course, as in the case of morphological container store houston homology, which Darwin considered as evidence of a common origin
Chromosome 12 has approx. 132 million container store houston base pairs, which is hidden about 1400 genes. About 500 regions container store houston of the chromosome associated with human diseases, and as usual a few examples can be found in Wikipedia. On the basis of comparisons between the genomes of different animals can be determined, as was made. This reconstruction allowed to establish container store houston that sometime in our lineage greater part of chromosome 12 was one chromosome with a piece of chromosome 22, while the rest formed in one piece with the remaining portion of chromosome 22 translocation Mutual, through which our chromosomes began to look like now, occurred after the separation of the lineage of our lineage prosimians. Later on chromosome 12 no longer subject to major changes, though and chimpanzees, gorillas can be observed and in independent inversions fragments.
On chromosome 12 is a lot of interesting genes. You can find coding container store houston for phenylalanine hydroxylase gene PAH whose mutations cause phenylketonuria. Due to the lack of activity of the protein accumulates in the body, the amino acid phenylalanine, which may lead to mental retardation. Other symptoms are light skin, bright eyes and a mousy odor. The treatment involves the use of a diet low in phenylalanine methyl container store houston ester (aspartame without which is decomposed m. Al. To the amino acid). On the occasion of the macaque genome sequencing was discovered that one of the mutation that causes phenylketonuria in humans, container store houston rhesus monkeys is the "wild type", not causing disease, container store houston but as yet not known what causes this difference.
In the region of chromosome 12, which communicates container store houston with hereditary with agoraphobia, panic, can be found the gene encoding the ion channel protein which ASIC1a container store houston (acid-sensing ion channel protein). This type of ion channels are involved in neurotransmission in the central nervous system. Recently, the journal Biological Psychiatry reported that due to manipulations at the gene managed to create a mouse that is not afraid of anything. Some fears are innate, but you can also learn to fear, linking some signals with something unpleasant and frightening. Previous work of the same group showed container store houston that, in the case of acquired fear ASIC1a excess protein causes aggravation of symptoms of anxiety and that its removal container store houston causes the symptoms disappear. This time, the researchers showed that the gene deletion or inhibition of the protein encoded by it causes the mice disappear as innate fears, container store houston including the fear of a predator odor, and open space. Normal mice when put them near the container containing chemicals container store houston smelling like a fox, die of fear or bypass the dangerous container from afar. Mice with the deleted ASIC1a have become so bold that even crawled to the predator-scented container.
Besides, on chromosome 12 is hiding ALDH2 - a variant of a gene encoding mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase, the one through which Europeans container store houston overcome Asians drinking alcohol. Many Asians produced by this gene is usually inactive protein, so drinking alcohol makes them immediately unpleasant reactions (asian flush). Probably just because container store houston alcoholism is less common among them than among Europeans.
Comments (2) Trackbacks (0) Leave a comment Trackback
> On the basis of comparisons between the genomes of different animals can> determine how established. This reconstruction allowed container store houston to establish that> sometime container store houston in our lineage greater part of chromosome 12 accounted for> one chromosome with a piece of chromosome 22, while the rest of the> form one piece with the remaining portion of chromosome 22 ....
And ... well, really on what genomics tells us about evolution? Do genomics confirms STE? And never in my life :) For the uninitiated: genomics deals with the comparison of the structure and function of genes, analysis of the relationship container store houston between taxa and tracking mechanisms of its evolution. Comparative genomics allows you to determine the genetic homology (paralogous and orthologous). Genomics is a service STE should look for links between genes, to reconstruct evolutionary events and so on.
Science has already met the genomes of dozens of species of bacteria. Organization of bacterial genomes and genes contained in them has proved to be extremely diverse. The researchers felt surprise :) Also; found that the learning function is unknown more than half of that found in bacteria of potential gene (ORF)! The fact that mid applies even supposedly well-learned E. coli.
What show the observed data of prokaryotes? Well, that genes in eukaryotes are organized hierarchically in a family and superfamily of genes. Drawn from this far-reaching and unauthorized conclusion that this hierarchy is caused by numerous duplications and subsequent divergence of gene and exon shuffling. Of course, as in the case of morphological container store houston homology, which Darwin considered as evidence of a common origin
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